Golden Harvest

Baja organik “Golden Harvest” adalah satu pencapaian di dalam bidang pertanian yang dikembangkan melalui teknologi Agricultural Growth Promoting Inoculant (AGPI). Ia adalah suatu inokulan yang berbentuk cecair di mana ia mengandungi hormon pertumbuhan indole acetic serta mikro indigenous (mikro tanah setempat) asli yang sangat penting dalam proses penyuburan tanah secara organik;.


Jelapang Padi Baru di Sabah, Sarawak 2011


CAMERON HIGHLANDS: Jelapang padi baru akan dibuka di Kota Belud, Sabah dan Lingga Banting, Sarawak pada tahun depan bagi memastikan bekalan makanan dalam negara terus terjamin, kata Timbalan Menteri Pertanian dan Industri Asas Tani, Datuk Rohani Abdul Karim.
Beliau berkata projek kementerian itu akan menyaksikan jelapang seluas 8,000 hektar dilaksanakan di Kota Belud manakala seluas 5,000 hektar lagi di Lingga Banting.
“Pembukaan jelapang padi ini dijangka dapat mengurangkan import beras ke 
negeri berkenaan,” katanya pada sidang berita selepas merasmikan Mesyuarat Perhubungan Pertanian Negeri Sabah dan Sarawak di sini, hari ini.
Seramai 100 anggota delegasi dari Jabatan Pertanian Sabah dan Sarawak menghadiri mesyuarat itu. Rohani berkata selaras dengan pembukaan jelapang padi baru itu, sebuah badan kerajaan akan ditubuhkan untuk menjalankan dan mentadbir pengurusan projek itu.
Walaupun perkembangan pertanian di Sabah dan Sarawak berjalan lancar, pengeluaran padi di kedua-dua negeri itu amat diperlukan berikutan krisis  makanan yang berlaku pada tahun 2008, katanya yang turut mengadakan lawatan kerja di sekitar Cameron Highlands selepas mesyuarat tersebut.
Sementara itu, Menteri Muda Pemodenan Pertanian (Pertubuhan Peladang dan Koperasi) Sarawak, Datuk Peter Nyarok Entrie berkata beliau tidak mahu negeri itu melalui krisis kekurangan beras seperti yang berlaku pada 2008 dan berharap projek itu akan menjadi permulaan bagi Sabah dan Sarawak untuk mengeluarkan padi secara besar-besaran.
Beliau enggan mengulas lanjut mengenai kos pembukaan kedua-dua jelapang padi tersebut tetapi mengakui bahawa jumlahnya adalah besar. – Bernama

sumber - Blog MOA

Benih padi baru dijanka atasi kerugian hampir RM100 Juta Akibat 'Padi Angin'


Dua jenis benih padi baru yang dihasilkan oleh Institut Penyelidikan dan Kemajuan Pertanian Malaysia (Mardi) dijangka dapat mangatasi masalah ‘padi angin’ yang menyebabkan negara kerugian hampir RM100 juta semusim.
Menteri Pertanian dan Industri Asas Tani Datuk Seri Noh Omar berkata benih padi MR220CL1 dan MR220CL2 itu adalah hasil penyelidikan hampir tujuh tahun oleh Mardi dan sebuah syarikat bahan kimia, BASF.
“Masalah padi angin menjadi masalah besar kepada pesawah. Saya difahamkan akibat padi angin negara kerugian RM90 juta semusim berdasarkan kajian 2004.
“Sekarang mungkin hampir RM100 juta. Padi angin ini mengakibatkan padi menjadi ringan dan mudah lerai,” katanya kepada pemberita selepas melancarkan benih padi baru itu di sini hari ini.
Noh berkata untuk permulaan benih MR220CL1 dan MR220CL2 akan ditanam di kawasan Felcra di Perak dan akan diguna di seluruh negara sekiranya hasil padi agensi padi itu meningkat.
Dijangka penggunaan benih baru ini boleh menghasilkan antara lima dan lapan tan metrik padi sehektar, katanya.
Noh berkata negara ini juga sedang berbincang dengan sebuah negara jiran yang telah menyatakan minat untuk menggunakan benih padi itu di tempat mereka.
Selain itu, beliau berkata pihaknya juga merancang untuk mengusahakan sawah terbiar secara berskala besar seperti yang dilaksanakan Felcra bagi mengatasi masalah kekurangan tenaga kerja yang kebanyakan terdiri daripada warga tua.
Dalam ucapannya sebelum itu, Noh berkata Mardi juga sedang membangunkan jenis padi hibrid yang mampu memberi hasil 20 peratus lebih tinggi daripada biasa.
“Saya berharap jenis padi hibrid ini dapat diperkenalkan untuk penanaman di negara ini beberapa tahun lagi,” katanya

sumber : Blog MOA

Costly remake of Sabah's rivers begins

PEOPLE hail the angelic face of the oil palm industry.

True, it nurtures Sabah with good money. But there is a dark side the industry needs to terminate to avert death to all its vaunted rivers.

One problem is oil palm's distorted importance, maybe arrogance, a single-minded economic pursuit for wealth to the exclusion of even more crucial parameters involving the overall will of the people.

Intense public pressure has come to force agriculture to think about others, especially Sabah's overall welfare.

Enough angry complaints about the mess they had inflicted on river water quality and loss of fisheries had reached the ears of politicians to warrant a serious State-commissioned probe.

They uncovered their dark side hidden from scrutiny because of their remote operations - that the industry hailed as producer of the golden crop actually played hangman's role which is about to sentence every river to death, where they operate.

What hasn't helped is the lot of public stupor.

Most Sabahans can't care a hood seeing rivers flow literally with mud, or walk by stinking, dark foul city drains or dead rivers filled with garbage of dead carcasses.

Well, even rivers flowing with mud from unbridled logging of upland forests is enough to kill off the fish because fish breathe dissolved oxygen through gills.

Choke their gills with dense suspended solids from unfettered soil erosion will make sure fish can't breathe - and die.

Large scale commercial logging preceded even more desolating large scale land clearing for mega scale oil palm plantations. The severe twin impacts of massive rough shod land use accompanied mushrooming of 140 palm oil presses on Sabah's rivers is becoming apparent.

In terms of land use, the probe found most planters don't give a hood about saturating rivers with mud.

They found 90pc of planters clear up all natural sediment traps - the riverine forest buffers, and plant palms right to the edge.

Nearly every river in Sabah is becoming too turbid or toxic, as a result of disregard for regulations and guidelines, and deliberate, illegal discharge of organic loaded effluents, the decomposition of which is removing, depleting, emptying dissolved oxygen in the water of every river they operate on.

So, Sabah's rivers are fast becoming dead zones.

How do planters and millers spread this killing field in the heart of Sabah?

Planters admit they have gone overboard The first is what looks most sensible to the planters' bottom line - NPK to boost yield and pesticides to protect them.

But even planters admit they have gone to excess, or force to excesses to force yields.

Inner circles told Daily Express because plantation soil become progressively less productive after years of chemical application, planters apply even more, such as 8-10kgs NPK (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) per tree per year, to maintain yield.

This means pummeling the soil with ever more ammonia from the nitrogen, which kills good soil microbes, on top of pesticides which finish off the kills.

So, for lack of beneficial microbial activity, plantation soil compacts and hardens.

One rain storm comes, it washes the NPK straight into the rivers.

The abundant phosphorus in NPK stimulates explosive algae growth and when this unnatural organic algal biomass dies, its decomposition eats up and removes the dissolved oxygen.

Not only that, the study also found in rivers water samples studied four banned pesticides - Alpha chlordane, Gamma hexachloro cyclohexane, Beta hexachloro, PP-DDE, a derivative of DDT, in addition to one for restrictive use - Chlorpyrifox which has to be either residues from past use or from continuing use by plantations.

So, the probe team found the oil palm plantations a major source of river killer pollutants.

Which also poses public health issues for Sabah.

On the mills side, even a First Board company was caught red handed deliberately, illegally and directly discharging large scales of palm oil mill effluents (Pome) into a river.

Since untreated Pome is very high in organic content, it similarly removes oxygen from river water since its breakdown also demands and consumes much oxygen.

When the probe team analysed such water for Dissolved Oxygen (DO), here is what they found - 0.06 that is close to zero, in Sungai Pang Burong, Tawau, compared to the ideal DO 7 for a Class 1 river, 5-7 for Class 2, 3-5 for Class 3, <3 for Class 4 and < 1 for Class 5 where the water cannot be used at all for anything.

So, what kind of warning is this to Sabah?

That fish, prawns and other desirable aquatic life in Sabah's rivers don't even have the oxygen to breathe any more!

In fact, some of the 20 villages downstream five rivers studied have "totally" given up fishing, because there is no more fish to catch, or too polluted to risk health, noted Faizal Parish, a probe team member.

So, should Sabah continue to accord the highest praise to the oil palm industry for doing such a wonderful economic job to Sabah, unless they clean up their acts.

Heavy metals found in some rivers Worth noting, too, is the high levels of heavy metals such as Manganese, Zinc and Iron found, particularly in the rivers and a lesser extent, palm oil mill effluents.

Manganese is essential to health in tiny amounts but chronic ingestion is implicated in Parkinson's disease and debilitating to the nervous system in children.

Even 0.05mg/litre of manganese in water can cause trouble.

That's why the manganese standard for Malaysia is 0.1ppm for Class 2 and Class 3 rivers.

But it reads 3.16mg/litre in Sungai Kalumpang and Pang Burong - the highest recorded from the rivers studied but also hit 2.48mg/litre in some palm oil mill effluent sample.

So, what will be the long-term health impacts for water consumers?

Sabah is left with no choice but to launch quite a costly remake of its rivers, when simply fining polluters would have been the cheapest clean job in the first place.

But the government agencies responsible didn't do it.

The succeed, the oil palm, sand mining industries must now set out to terminate the dark side of its business.

The State Government has vowed to be a 'Terminator' if moral persuasion fails, State Tourism, Culture and Environment Minister Datuk Masidi Manjun hinted.

Why?

Because the Study has identified a serious basic problem in Malaysian habit. The basic problem is identical to what happened to Sembulan River in Capital City Kota Kinabalu which once teemed with fish but is now dead, "because of the old habit of Malaysians in Sabah to use their rivers as sewers", Masidi pointed out.

That practise must be terminated once and for all, before all rivers in Sabah are dead!

The 'terminator' role is clear and certain. Both the oil palm industry and relevant government agencies must now brace themselves for a real terminator job to cut out the rot.

In a Paper 2 presentation on the National Seminar on Impact Study of Palm Oil Mills, Oil Palm Plantations and other Pollutants on the Quality of Selected Rivers in Sabah, Faizal Parish, delivered a very coherent outline entitled 'Proposed Strategies and Action Plans' aimed at addressing what he called "the basic problems."

Because the presentation makes so much sense, but no State leaders were there to give this clear and articulate thinking a personal hearing, we decided to publish it verbatim, so that the relevant agency heads and even the Cabinet can keep a hard copy to study and size up what must be done to save Sabah's rivers.

"The strategies and action plans cover the specific sectors : the oil plant plantations, the palm oil mills, sand mining and riverine human settlements, in line with the main sources of pollution, " said veteran Faizal, a 1982 Bachelor of Science graduate with Honours in Biology, Ecology from the Durham University, UK, with internationally recognised expertise in wetlands, river basin, natural resources assessment and management, and 30 years of working experience in 20 countries.

Faizal is particularly active in promoting integrated river basin management, because he believes is an overall holistic approach to managing natural resources that produce the only effective answer to sufficient and clean water supply for future generations.

Not surprisingly, he is author of a book entitled 'Global Guidelines on Integrated Wetlands and River Basin Management for Ramsar Convention .

Since he has done work on the conservation and rehabilitation on rivers and wetlands in West Malaysia, he'll be an asset in Sabah's quest to remake its rivers.

"As highlighted in previous session (by chemist Lo Su Mui -head of the Study team), the largest land use in the area is oil palm plantations, and in terms of pollution of the rivers with suspended solids, the main contributing source is from the oil palm sector," Faizal noted.

"For contribution of pollutants in terms of biological (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD), the main pollution is coming from the oil palm mills," he added.

"And this pollution basically removes the oxygen from the river system and it kills aquatic life - the fisheries and also affect the quality later for drinking purposes," Faizal pointed out .

"Sand mining is probably the third ranked pollutant source but it concentrated at the moment one section of the Segama river."

"And Human settlement is a minor contribution but it is a still significant at the local level."

"So the to recap from the earlier presentation, the key findings from oil palm plantation is high total suspended solids in the rivers due to lack of or insufficient erosion control practices," Faizal listed.

"In addition, high organic matter in the rivers is due to discharge or overflow from palm oil mill effluents as well as excessive fertilizer use and runoffs."

"From our observation of the different companies and plantations, we found that in many cases, Best Management Practices are not consistently implemented by the different companies."

"We also found direct and serious violations of the regulations, such as this direct discharge (showed photo) by a Main Board company having a pipe connected to their pumping system from the pond directly to the river culvert under a nearby road (under a bridge)."

"So this is a very direct and deliberate discharge."

Unfortunately, it is still going on, Faizal added.

"In addition, the POME treatment systems were generally not maintained."

"In fact, of all the mills in the basins we surveyed, we could hardly find maybe two or three mills which were regularly disludging."

"Some have never ever disludged in their operation period and no one need wonder why they were not able to meet their requirements."

Poor land irrigation system "The second major problem with the mills is Land Irrigation systems is poorly established and managed."

"The continuing direct discharge was unfortunately at a very high level," Faizal asserted.

"I would say we found the direct discharge, either directly from the mill or from ponds or from overflow from the land irrigation system in about 65% of the mills," he cited.

"And this was 25 months of study and the mills know that they are being studied but still a high percentage is still discharging into the river systems."

"One of the root causes and told to us by the mill owners is weak legislation and penalties pertaining to effluent discharge," Faizal related.

In fact, words reportedly had it that some mill owners confessed their standard operation procedure was pollute and pay the fine as that's the cheapest, lowest cost option that they could see for addressing issues because they were hardly ever fined.

So, that's a serious issue - inadequate enforcement.

There are insufficient personnel from DOE who are meant to be monitoring the mills.

And similarly for EPD, they have hardly had any personnel in the east coast region who can do the monitoring, Faizal said.

"So, these basic problems need to be addressed."

"And these problems are also compounded by habitat degradation - the loss of riverine forests and riverine habitats through conversion and these are having very severe impacts on the local people," Faizal said.

"Along the 5 rivers we studied, there are over 20 villages, and many of those villages depend on direct water supply from the rivers that leads to significant health problems when the rivers are polluted."

"The riverine fishery which was the lifeline or income source and protein source for many of the villagers were totally degraded."

"in fact, some had totally given up fishing as there is nothing worth fishing and if they eat the fish then they would get sick."

So, it's quite a serious situation, Faizal said.

"From our overall observation, the major impacts were from the mills and from the plantations."

"Broader than the impact on the villagers are the overall economic and social impacts and risks," Faizal said.

"Number one among these is the potential disruption of water supply to important towns and cities."

"The drinking water or 70pc of whole of Sandakan population get its drinking water which is one of the polluted rivers."

Water source under threat "All of Beluran town gets its water from the Muanad river while Lahad Datu gets its water from the Segama river. If these rivers are polluted, the drinking water supply is polluted and the current water treatment plants are unable to fully treat the level of pollutants which we are finding within the rivers," Faizal said.

"Secondly, at the lower end of the rivers is the loss and degradation of mangroves and their coastal fisheries."

"Coastal fisheries is maybe the number 2 or 3 income source in many of the east coast districts and important incomes for coastal villagers."

"Increased risks of flooding with the siltation of the rivers, as the bed is raised and likelihood of severe flooding especially in lower reaches."

And also the erosion of river banks which is tied to increased runoffs but also the sand mining damage rivers banks and infrastructures, he said.

"Also, there is potential loss of future development options, such as aquaculture, ecotourism, or even carbon finance," Faizal said.

The question is: What can be done about it?

Faizal said the proposed strategies and actions came up after a very extensive stakeholders discussion process.

"We have identified different goals for each sector and associated strategies plus actions that need to be undertaken," he said.

"The overall goal which has been set is to improve the water quality of the selected rivers in eastern Sabah to so-called "clean status".

That means better than Class 2."

"Class 2 means that you can use it for drinking water or for recreation and given that many of the rivers are directly supplying drinking water, they must all be at least Class 2 to continue to provide the water supply for the important towns," Faizal stressed.

"The target is to get to this status by year 2020," he said.

"So, there is a 10year period, although obviously for some rivers, some stretches as prioritized as mentioned by the Minister (Masidi), the target is for the end of this year."

"And for other rivers, it will be phased over a period of time," Faizal said.

The way to get there Control and minimise pollution from the oil palm sector, sand mining and human settlement, as well as strengthen catchment and forest protection, Faizal outlined. .

"For each particular sector, there are also goal statements to address the problems in oil palm plantation, palm oil mills, sand mining and riverine settlement," he said.

"Each sector has to look at its own goaI and then, overall, there is a goal to look at the Integrated River Basin Management," Faizal pointed out.

"There is no point that one sector is cleaning up while the other sectors continue to pollute," he said.

" We will get zero outcome that way, " Faizal cautioned.

"All sectors got to move in an integrated manner.

"And that means all government agencies, private sectors, other stakeholders to work with one vision," he said.

First, Strategies on Oil Palm Plantations - the largest land use within the area.

"We have identified and agreed on a number of strategies," Faizal said.

"First, improving the legal and regulatory requirements and development planning for the plantations."

"Second, promote, implement sustainable and best agricultural practices.

In fact, for many of the problems we are seeing there are win-win solutions.

Better agricultural management means less environmental degradation.

"It means better profits, better economic situation - that's the real sustainability we are looking for."

"Third, there is a need to improve the capacity of key stakeholders both in oil palm plantations and particularly in the mid and small scale plantations, who need support in this but also support is needed to enhance the capacity of government agencies responsible for monitoring and enforcement of the regulations."

Looking in details under these strategies, Faizal said the first area related to legal and regulatory requirement.

"The first thrust here is to is to strengthen implementation of environmental impact assessment and the PPM (Proposals for Mitigation Measures) requirements," he said.

"This is under the enactment managed by the Environment Protection Department and a number of actions to strengthen the implementation of that including the inclusion of mandatory sediment control plans as part of the EIA," Faizal said.

"The second area is review and enhance the implementation of agricultural development plan requirements," he noted.

"Every plantation is required to develop an agricultural development plan which is submitted to the Department of Agriculture."

"In the past, it was only the Department of Agricultural approving those so we have now we have incorporate a mechanism where the Department of Irrigation and Drainage, the Environment Protection Department and other relevant agencies are also closely involved in the process in the future," Faizal said.

"And also, we are looking for those scales of operations less than 100 hectares which did not need an EIA or Proposals for Mitigation Measures (PMM)"

"For those medium and small scale plantation options, we are proposing certain measures for sediment control are incorporated at that level through the Agricultural Department."

"For land clearing and slope erosion control, already in Sabah you are not allowed to develop slopes above 25 degrees. But even so, slopes lesser than 25 degrees ca lead to significant erosion," Faizal pointed out.

"And we have identified a number of areas where the regulations can be enhanced to lesson the risk of serious erosion problem."

"With regard to high conservation value forests, there are still high value conservation areas, particularly in the Segama river basin and the Kalumpang river basin," Faizal pointed out.

And so the requirements for identifying and setting aside those areas in future development strategies, is also important."

"Finally, looking at the land use planning for plantation siting for any new plantations, our general recommendations for the river basin we looked at is the plantations have already reached the maximum appropriate extent.

This is because all of the areas outside the forest reserves have all been converted to plantations and that's what I could say the legal maximum for the development of the river basins that we have looked at," Faizal said.

Almost 90pc had lost river reserves "Some of the specific actions which are linked to the strategies we believe will be the better co-ordination between EIA and agricultural plan requirement, mandatory sediment and erosion control plans as part of both the EIA for plantation smaller than 100 hectares, ensuring land clearing does not damage river reserve," Faizal said.

"As shown in previous presentation by Lo, almost 90pc of the areas we have visited there were no river reserves left! The plantation was right up to the river edge!" Faizal noted.

"In some of the stakeholders workshops, people claim, the rivers move, we planted it there, the river was there, the river moved to our plantations.

But we said then the river moved but where because the oil palm is on both sides banks of the river.

The river can't move both ways at once."

"Indeed the river does sometimes move but it doesn't move both directions at once," he noted.

"So, if there were oil palms on both banks of the river, it was planted there.

It wasn't that the river suddenly moved into the plantations," Faizal reckoned.

"So this I think is a basic failing within the Land and Survey Department in the designation of the Land Titles. In enforcement of the areas developed must be within the land title area."

"If you planted on the river bank, then you have gone beyond what normally is the legal land title."

And the State is perfectly right in taking back those lands," Faizal said.

"There are some plantation companies, for example, Wilmar Group of Plantations who have already recognised the problem and for 50km along the Segama river, have planted back the forests along that river corridor which was inadvertently developed by the river corridor earlier," he cited.

"So this is the type of initiatives which needs to be expanded elsewhere, " he praised.

"It's also critical to establish other crops immediately after land clearing operations."

"Very often the normal practice is, clear the land, wait some time, wait till your seedlings are ready, only after you have planted all your oil palm, then maybe add a cover crop."

" Basically that's too late, because already, the erosion has started, you are losing your top soil, you are losing your nutrients."

"So this way the whole basis of our plantations is being eroded in front of you.

It's a very bad practise."

"You can put the cover crop immediately after land clearing and then if you need to clear a little bit of cover crop when you plant the palm then it's a very small cost for having saved your top soil which will save your fertility."

"And we have recommended no land clearing in wet seasons and in wet areas because this really is one of the major causes of large scale erosion into the rivers," Faizal said.

"The second strategy is promote and implementing sustainable and Best Agriculture Practices."

"Firstly, promoting optimum and precision fertiliser management." "Secondly, integrated pest management."

"Thirdly, soil and moisture conservation practices."

All of these practices are well known and practised in many parts of Malaysia, Faizal asserted.

"But in the studied areas in eastern Sabah, many times we saw that they were not being complied with, even though they are fundamental of having a good crop, good production."

"Fourthly, establishing and managing high conservation areas, including river reserves, which again, is badly implemented in this region," said Faizal.

"With regards to workers' quarters, we observed solid wastes, scheduled wastes, and the fuel storage that need to be addressed in many places."

In general, the zero burning concept is widely applied throughout Sabah but certainly in the smaller scale plantations, and small holders, we still saw burning taking place."

And burning, as I think all the oil palm plantations know, is not good for the bottom line.

In fact it leads to greater losses of the fertilizer benefits of the decaying tree trunks in the replanting as well as causing air and other pollution."

The third strategy relates to improving the capacity of stakeholders to support the plantations management.

This includes increased stability for the relevant government agencies for enforcing the EIA requirements, agricultural development plans, and other regulations as well as increasing the capacity of the plantation sector, especially medium and small scale plantation for undertaking best management practices, Faizal said.

Few of the action, capacity building, best management practices, promotion of use of waste through composting and other value added products, we propose incentive schemes for the implementation of best management practices.

"So we have proposed an incentive fund in the different best management practice areas which would be prioritized maybe to the medium and small scale operators but also for other operators who want to introduce new technology or new approaches.

"Overall, for the four basins studied, we have said no further expansion of oil palm plantation because already the oil plant plantation has reached the maximum extent," Faizal said.

"And also the study has agreed to promote the certification and compliance with code of practice for existing plantations. That is, the Malaysian Palm Oil Board code of practice , RSPO principles and criteria and encouragement of oil palm plantation within the area to become RSPO members, ISO and other standards in relation to good management for the mills.

What the Palm Oil Mills need do "As mentioned earlier by our chemist Lo Su Mui in her Paper 1 presentation, one of most serious point source pollution within the selected basin is coming from the mills, particularly from direct discharge but also from the overflow of Land Irrigation systems," Faizal said.

"So, our first strategy is similar to the plantations - improving the legal and regulatory requirements."

"Although the Minister (Masidi) said, well, it's good if everyone out of voluntary basis, puts their own house in order, but unfortunately, for some, the only way forward is the use of the stick," Faizal reckoned.

"We need the carrot and the stick and currently, the stick is already broken and doesn't work or we have some masochistic people (people who enjoy what causes trouble) who like the stick and maybe the stick is a very cheap way to deal with the problem."

He said if offenders were only sent for "canning" only occasionally, they carry on with business as usual.

"The second strategy is to implement Best Management Practices for Mill Waste Management," he said.

"In fact, we should not be thinking any more about mill wastes.

Instead, these are the potential new products, new sales items, new income generating options, it's not wastes, it's utilisation of them," Faizal suggested a new way of looking at resources in Sabah.

"Thirdly, and this is very serious - improve the palm oil mill effluent treatment process, particularly the implementation," he said..

"Lastly, enhance the capacity of these stakeholders."

Mandatory closure of 'recalcitrant' palm oil mills Elaborating on the details on regulatory requirements for the mills, Faizal said: " It has been agreed one important step for the mills is that since the mills come under the Environmental Quality Act, 1974 and enforced by the Department of Environment (DOE), it is agreed to amend provisions for structured fines and compounds. And that basically this new provision will mean an increasing scale and mandatory closure for mills," Faizal said.

"This I think is sincerely believed and also the feedback from members of the industry the only way to bring recalcitrant companies in line is closure of the mills," Faizal added.

"Fining is insufficient, closure of mills is the only proven effective means to wake people up," he said.

"As the Minister (Masidi) said, this is going to be phased in but I think all companies need to recognise this is coming and then to take action before the mill is closed down," Faizal added.

"Secondly, enforce the requirement for any new mills, for planning approval for new Mills."

"In fact, our assessment is there are already enough mills to cater to the amount of plantations," he said.

"So, if the plantations are not expanding, there is very little justification for new mills in Sabah.

In fact, since many mills are running under capacity, it may even be sensible to consolidate mills rather than open new mills," Faizal said.

"Thirdly, promote standards and code of practice for mill operations."

"Fourthly, develop extensive mechanisms for good management of mill wastes," he said.

"We cannot just have the stick, we must have the carrot as well."

"Those mill operators who have consistently performed well, who have met the requirements, who have exceeded requirements, should be getting some benefits, maybe some reductions, in the fees or payments, or other incentives provided to them, for example, access to low interest finance etc," Faizal said.

"The second strategy relates to mill wastes management, implement zero waste concept and convert the mill wastes to value-added products.

This is of extremely high potential for companies, the technology is there, financing is available but it just needs doing," he said..

"Optimize water use and recycle water. The less water, the less liquid waste coming out from the mills."

"Thirdly, sort out the problems with Land Irrigation practices which are very severe."

" The fourth area is improving the treatment process, as Lo (chemist and Head of Study team) indicated, there are already a lot of technology available. But unfortunately though they maybe installed, they are not managed properly and the systems may not be maintained.

So, implement and improved the Pome treatment systems."

"As the Minister (Datuk Masidi) said this morning, every mill must have its Environment Unit, headed by a Pollution Control Manager."

"There must be someone of appropriate level with the knowledge in the mill that can be in charge and be responsible for the pollution and pollution prevention. Therefore it is very easy to see who has the responsibility when it doesn't work."

"Fifthly, conduct scheduled maintenance of effluent treatment systems to ensure compliance with standards," Faizal said.

"In fact, this is the biggest problem."

"We have seen in many of the mills, every mill has a pond system but only 20pc of the mills are properly maintaining the pond system," he noted.

"Particularly in Sabah, we have a very high rainfall situation, some mills are facing the problem how to do disludge - how do you dry your sludge when you got heavy rains all the time. So, there are some real problems," Faizal conceded.

"But there is a technology available, there are appropriate ways forwards, " he added.

"And also it has been agreed, there should be independent third part reviews of all these , such as plant efficiency, equipment functionality and effluent treatment facilities so that it is very clearly laid out what is the fundamental problem that needs to be addressed in every mill," Faizal said.

"It is recognised that every mill has a different set of problem, that's why we need independent assessment."

Getting the public involved "To improve the capacity for these stakeholders as the Minister (Masidi) said, implement Self Monitoring is best but there is also a need to enhance engagement of the public or the local community," Faizal noted.

This must be done to achieve the dual purpose of Land Use Planning, that is, safeguarding the society's resources with planning to meet the needs of the people as the end in mind.

"In the rivers we looked at, we have 20 villages sitting downstream of mills. Every one of them knows when the mills are discharging and the government has to set up a proper feedback mechanism ."

"The Minister (Datuk Masidi) mentioned just now the Ministry will establish specific sites on the website for the public to give feedback and within the action plan, it is setting up a direct real time water quality monitoring from the mills being available on the web within one minute after the sampling is done!" Faizal said.

"But improved monitoring, enforcement capacity and efficiency is also needed," he added.

"For the mills, the main enforcement is by the Federal Department of Environment (DOE).

But they lack adequate staff and resources.

This needs to be addressed."

"To repeat, these are a few of the actions mentioned - there are going to be penalties for pollution, including mill closure, enhanced enforcement capabilities and real time web page monitoring downstream of mills," Faizal recapped.

"This means although you are in a remote place, you can no longer hide in a digital age," he noted.

"This means you can have continuous monitoring downstream of the mills which gives a readout in Kota Kinabalu, Kuala Lumpur or even New York within seconds after the reading is done," Faizal asserted.

"So, it's no longer possible to hide in the plantations and assume no one is looking."

The adoption of standards is a win-win situation for most, and an enhancement of the Pome treatment."


source : Daily Express , Published on: Sunday, October 16, 2011, By: Kan Yaw Chong

Sabah padi output declining since 2004

Kota Kinabalu: National rice stockist, Bernas, said there has been a decline in padi production in Sabah since 2004 although the number of farmers and acreage registered with it had been increasing.

A puzzled Bernas Chief Executive Officer, Mohd Kamaluddin Haji Mohd Effendie, said: "Either the farmers are planting less, or are not able to plant more or yield more. We need to study and look at the root cause to understand what are the reasons."

He also noted that Sabah farmers are also ageing. "If you are ageing you might not be able to do more," he told Daily Express in an exclusive interview. Another reason could also be that they are shifting to other more profitable crops.

Unlike peninsula that is 70 per cent self-sufficient in the grain, he said Sabah's case was the exact opposite with sufficiency at only 30 per cent and 70pc having to be imported from Vietnam, Thailand and to a certain extent countries like India.


source : Daily Express ,Published on: Sunday, October 16, 2011

Serangan Oryctes Pada Kelapa Sawit

Saya pasti ramai ‘planter’ yang pernah mengalami masalah oryctes ini. Mungkin ramai juga yang sudah menegtahui teknik untuk mengatasinya. Namun bagi mereka yang baru dalam bidang kelapa sawit, untuk pengetahuan anda, kumbang badak ini adalah serangga yang paling ditakuti oleh ‘planter’ pada ketika usia pokok kelapa sawit yang masih muda iaitu bermula daripada menanam hinggalah ke usia sekitar 2 tahun.

Serangan biasanya boleh dikesan selepas 6 bulan ditanam.  Namun sekiranya kawasan tanaman sawit anda adalah berhampiran dengan kilang kelapa sawit atau kawasan tanaman semula yang lain yang telah diusahakan setahun lebih awal daripada tanaman kelapa sawit anda, maka serangan seawal seminggu selepas penanaman kelapa sawit adalah tidak mustahil.

Pokok kelapa sawit mengeluarkan sejenis hormone yang dikenali sebagi pheromone yang biasanya dirembes daripada bahagian pucuk.  Pheromone inlah yang menarik oryctes untuk menuju kebahagian pucuk atau pangkal kelapa sawit muda dan seterusnya meneruskan aktiviti penggerudian.

Serangan yang serius boleh menyebabkan pokok kelapa sawit mati atau terencat.  Untuk mengenali serangan oryctes adalah melalui lubang-lubang yang digerudi pada bahagian pangkal batang, pelepah atau pucuk.  Kadangkala pucuk yang berkembang akan menunjukkan seperti digunting dibahagian atasnya.  Ini menunjukkan bahawa oryctes telah menyerang dibahagian tengah pucuk sawit semasa pucuk tersebut masih berada pada peringkat menguncup.  Kesan oryctes yang baru biasanya ditandai oleh lubang gerudi yang berwarna coklat keputihan dan masih berair yang juga terdapat fiber-fiber daripada bahagian batang atau pelepah kelapa sawit yang terburai akibat digerudi.

Teknik mengawal.
Kaedah menyembur racun Blocus adalah yang paling popular. Campuran Blocus adalah 60ml kedalam tangki berkapasiti 10 liter air atau 100ml blocus kedalam 16 liter air (muatan tangki CKS).  Gunakan pam CKS yang bernozel skurang-kurangnya 375 lts/ha isipadu semburan (spraying volume). Campurkan juga adjuvant seperti Agridex bagi tujuan perlekatan dan penyembaran racun yang lebih sekata dan tahan lebih lama pada bahagian yang disembur.  Semburkan campuran racun kearah pucuk hingga ke bahagian pangkal pokok kelapa sawit.  Pastikan semburan meliputi ke sekeliling bahagian ini.  Gunakan nozzle yang ada L shape untuk memudahkan kerja penyemburan pucuk kelapa sawit.

Kebiasaannya pokok kelapa sawit yang bersaiz kecil (kurang setahun) memerlukan lebih kurang 150ml semburan untuk sepokok atau 1 tangki 16lts boleh menyembur lebih kurang 106 pokok kelapa sawit.  Bagi pokok kelapa sawit yang berusia lebih setahun, maka digalakkan untuk menaikkan kadar semburan kepada 200-250ml bergantung kepada saiz pangkal.  Perlu diingat, dos campuran iaitu 100ml blocus ke dalam 16 liter air adalah tidak berubah, yang berubah hanyalah kadar semburannya sahaja.

Racun Blocus bertindak dalam 2 cara.  Racun ini boleh membunuh oryctes yang terkena racun akibat daripada sifatnya yang ‘gelojoh’ untuk menggerudi pangkal atau pucuk pokok kelapa sawit yang telah disembur oleh racun.  Racun ini juga boleh bertindak sebagai ‘repellent’ dimana oryctes yang biasanya lebih ‘bersopan’ tidak sibuk terbang untuk menuju ke pangkal atau pucuk kelapa sawit bagi tujuan menggerudi pangkal kelapa sawit tersebut.
Tindakan orcytes yang gelojoh boleh mematikan pokok, namun tindakan oryctes yang bersopan juga tidak kurang bahayanya.  Ini kerana oryctes tersebut tidak mati dan akan mendarat di bawah kepingan (chip) batang kelapa sawit yang mereput dan apalagi meneruskan aktiviti pembiakannya.  Masalah juga timbul pada pokok kelapa sawit yang berusia lebih 2 tahun dimana penyemburan racun blocus sudah dihentikan.  Oryctes yang bersopan ini akan memilih untuk menggerudi pokok yang besar ini walaupun sudah keras (“apa boleh buat daripada mati, lebih baik gerudi yang sudah tua ini”…kata oryctes lah agaknya).

Untuk mengatasi masalah oryctes yang bersopan ini saya cadangkan agar dipasang perangkap pheromone di kawasan

yang bersempadan dengan pokok yang berumur 2 tahun.  Ada juga yang menyembur Metharizium iaitu sejenis kulat hijau yang boleh membunuh oryctes dan larva-larvanya juga.  Semburan metharizium boleh dilakukan dikawasan timbunan batang kelapa sawit yang mereput dan dilakukan sekurang-kurangnya 2 kali setahun.  Adalah digalakkan untuk menyemburnya sehingga 4 kali setahun bagi memastikan kelangsungan hidup mikrob di kawasan semburan.


source : http://sawitbiz.com/oryctes-gelojoh-oryctes-sopan/

TIPS MENGENDALIKAN HAMA TANAMAN


     Ada banyak hama tanaman yang dapat menyerang kebun dan membuat  Anda menuruni kesehatan tanaman anda. Anda telah menggarap tanah, mulai menanam bibit dan setia Anda menyiram dan memupuk sayuran Anda, hal terakhir yang Anda inginkan adalah seperti tepung jamur atau jamur untuk mendapatkan antara Anda dan ketimun renyah pertama. Dan membeli pestisida dan perawatan di toko akan menambah bahan kimia berbahaya untuk masa depan makanan Anda, tanah Anda, dan air limpasan yang mengembalikan anak sungai kita, sungai dan lautan. Tolong jangan lakukan itu!
Berikut adalah 4 perawatan sederhana yang dapat membantu Anda membuang banyak masalah umum di kebun, aman dan alami. Dan Anda mungkin memiliki setidaknya tiga dari mereka sudah di rumah Anda.

1.Cuka sari Apel


Hama Tanaman

Gunakan cuka sari apel untuk mengobati sejumlah penyakit tanaman, termasuk karat, tempat hitam, dan berbedak jamur.
Campur 2 sendok makan cuka sari apel dalam 2 liter air
Tuang ke dalam botol semprot.
Menyemprot solusi pada tanaman terinfeksi pada pagi atau sore hari – ketika suhu telah mendingin dan tidak ada cahaya langsung pada tanaman.
Ulangi sampai kondisi sembuh.

2. Baking soda (natrium bikarbonat)
Perawatan sederhana ini merawat tanaman terhadap jamur.
Campurkan 1 sendok makan dan 1 sendok makan minyak sayur dalam satu galon air.
Tambahkan beberapa tetes sabun cair biodegradable , solusi untuk membantu menyebar lebih merata pada daun.
Spray tanaman terinfeksi, termasuk sisi bawah daun.

3. Hidrogen Peroksida
Baik hidrogen peroksida dan air terdiri dari hidrogen dan oksigen, tetapi hidrogen peroksida (H2O2) memiliki atom oksigen ekstra. Ketika tanaman yang disirami dengan hidrogen peroksida, oksigen yang dilepaskan ke dalam tanah di sekitar akar, mengakibatkan pertumbuhan akar yang sehat cepat. Akar membutuhkan oksigen dan kebanyakan disebabkan penyakit akar ketika mereka tidak mendapatkan cukup itu. Hal ini biasanya akibat dari atas air, ketika ruang udara di sekitar akar diisi dengan air bukan udara. Tanaman tidak dapat menyerap nutrisi dengan baik bila hal ini terjadi. Itu mulai layu, dan tukang kebun peduli akan menambahkan lebih banyak air, yang membuat masalah memburuk. Coba gunakan murah 3% hidrogen peroksida dapat Anda beli di toko obat. Campur 2 sendok teh untuk satu galon air, dan gunakan waktu berikutnya Anda air.

4. Susu
Susu adalah pelawan jamur dan virus terbesar di kebun. Untuk membantu mencegah jamur, taburi 2 sdm susu bubuk ke tanah di sekitar tanaman Anda di awal musim masalah SEBELUM terjadi. Jika Anda melihat jamur pada daun tomat Anda, mawar, atau tanaman lain, menyemprotkan campuran susu encer (1 bagian susu dengan 1 bagian air) secara langsung pada daun yang terinfeksi. Anda bahkan dapat menggunakan susu yang telah memburuk.

5. Minyak neem
Kerja hebat minyak neem sebagai insektisida organik, karena serangga terganggu keseimbangan hormon, membunuh serangga sebelum dapat meranggas ke tahap kehidupan selanjutnya. Minyak neem membunuh hama (whitefly, kutu daun, Jepang kumbang, larva ngengat, skala, spider mites) setelah mereka makan daun disemprot dengan minyak. Ini juga membuat mual orang lain dengan bau yang kuat.
Semprotan yang mengandung minyak neem juga digunakan sebagai fungisida terhadap karat, tempat hitam, jamur, daun tempat, berkeropeng, dan hawar. Campur 2 sendok makan minyak 70% neem untuk 1 galon air. Semprot semua permukaan tanaman, termasuk bagian atas dan bawah daun, sampai benar-benar basah. Sebagai pencegahan, menggunakan semprotan minyak neem setiap dua minggu. Untuk mengendalikan hama tanaman atau penyakit yang sudah ada, berlaku mingguan.

Sekarang bahwa Anda sudah mendapat penyakit tanaman dapat dikendalikan, berikut adalah beberapa tips untuk mencegah mereka di masa depan.

1. Sama seperti kita, tanaman sakit ketika mereka berada di bawah stres. Jangan di atas air atau melalui proses ini. Dan yang menuruti mengendalikan gulma.

2. Mencegah Gray Mold. Penyakit ini terjadi setelah periode panjang langit mendung, kabut, embun berat, atau cahaya hujan gerimis. Gejala-gejala termasuk perubahan warna abu-abu untuk cokelat yang terjadi di dalam atau tengah daun atau kelopak (daripada sisi-sisi luar yang akan terjadi saat usia secara alami) dan abu-abu putih yang kabur karena jamur yang tumbuh di permukaan daerah yang terkena dampak. Praktek permukaan air sehingga air tidak menumpuk pada tanaman itu sendiri, air di pagi hari sehingga taman dapat mengering. Hapus semua bagian yang sakit dan membakar tanaman yang mengubur. Jangan menyentuh atau memindahkan dalam tanaman jika daun basah karena hal ini dapat menyebarkan penyakit.

3. Memutar tanaman Anda dari tahun ke tahun. Penanaman anggota keluarga kubis (termasuk brokoli, kembang kol, kolrabi, brussel sprout atau mostar) di tempat yang sama lagi dan lagi dapat menyebabkan Clubroot. Hal ini mengakibatkan distorsi pada akar dalam bentuk sebuah klub dan mencegah dari pembentukan kepala kubis. Jika Anda melihat masalah ini, membawa Anda pH tanah hingga 7,5 atau lebih.

4. Mulsa! Menambahkan mulsa pada permukaan taman akan membantu Anda untuk menekan gulma, memungkinkan Anda untuk air, kurang lebih membantu melindungi tanah dari erosi dan pemadatan, meningkatkan aktivitas cacing tanah dan membantu menjaga siput dan siput terkendali. Gunakan:
- Serbuk gergaji
- Daun
- Kumpulan Rumput (jika tidak ada pupuk atau perawatan telah ditambahkan)
Pine Needles
- Hay atau Straw


5. Kompos! Lebih mudah daripada yang Anda pikirkan dan banyak zat gizi yang sehat akan ditambahkan kembali ke tanah. Mulai hari ini dengan memeriksa tips dan link pada situs web tercantum di bawah ini. Anda bahkan dapat memulai hanya dengan sampah plastik atau dua dan Anda akan membuat kaya, bergizi kompos untuk kebun Anda untuk tahun depan.
Sekarang Anda siap untuk melihat taman organik tumbuh subur Anda! Dan itu semua akan berarti bila kamu menggigit pertama kali manisnya tomat yang baru dipetik musim panas. Untuk saran dan besar banyak link, check out our website Eden Organik. Happy Gardening!

Saya telah mendirikan sebuah website yang didedikasikan untuk mereka yang ingin hidup yang lebih alami dan kehidupan organik. Bersama dengan adikku Kathy, kami telah menciptakan Organic Eden. Situs kami telah banyak dan banyak informasi mengenai penanaman dan berkembang kebun organik Anda sendiri, dan tentang menciptakan yang lebih alami dan ramah lingkungan rumah. Kami telah melakukan riset untuk Anda, dan kami menyediakan link situs web ke banyak produk alami dan aman untuk taman, rumah dan keluarga. Kami berdua nenek yang ingin membantu menciptakan dunia yang lebih aman dan sehat untuk menyampaikan berharga kami cucu.

Penulis Artikel :  Chris Mont.

BERTANAM STRAWBERI SECARA INDOOR


    Siapa pun yang pernah bertanam strawberry tahu bahawa mereka memiliki spesifik dan musim tanam pendek. Namun, hari-hari itu atas berkat perkembangan baru dari Departemen Pertanian AS Tanaman Scientist. Anda dapat tumbuh strawberry  juicy indah di dalam ruangan dan sepanjang tahun dengan perkebunan strawberi gantung.

Bertanam Strawberry
Di masa lalu ada tiga kategori dasar bertanam strawberi:  Selama  Juni, sepanjang-bantalan atau hari netral. Juni-bantalan menghasilkan strawberry besar, terkonsentrasi panen setahun sekali selama tiga minggu, biasanya pada bulan Juni sebagai namanya. Bantalan selalu menghasilkan dua tanaman strawberry, satu di musim semi dan satu lagi di akhir musim panas atau musim gugur.Bertanam strawberry di hari netral mampu menghasilkan buah secara terus-menerus dari bulan Juni hingga September. Jelas, semua tiga varietas memiliki keterbatasan sejauh musim tanam mereka dan masing-masing memiliki keterbatasan mengenai suhu dan iklim. 

Sekarang, berkat pembangunan oleh ilmuwan tanaman di Departemen Pertanian AS ada strawberry varietas baru yang disebut Tri-Star. Keanekaragaman ini disebut “bantalan abadi” karena memiliki musim tanam sepanjang tahun. Tumbuh sangat baik di dalam ruangan dan temperatur yang ekstrem tidak akan menjadi masalah. Tanaman sangat hangat dan menghasilkan sekumpulan strawberry, secepat Anda dapat memilih mereka.

Kebun strawberry yang tergantung terlihat sangat menarik di rumah Anda, dengan daun hijau terang, bunga-bunga putih yang indah dan montok berry merah, yang membuat suatu rumah yang sangat bagus mencari tanaman. Jika Anda menikmati strawberry, Anda tahu bagaimana mahal harga mereka  di toko-toko dan pada waktu-waktu tertentu dalam setahun, mereka dapat menjadi sulit ditemukan. Anda dapat menyimpan banyak uang dengan menggantung tanaman strawberry, mempercantik rumah Anda dan strawberry juicy dan lezat sepanjang tahun.

Penulis Artikel : Robert P Smith.

PADI HIBRID SIRAJ



Padi hibrid ialah padi generasi pertama (F1) yang ditanam hasil daripada kacukan dua jenis padi biasa yang mempunyai genetik tetap daripada varieti padi tertentu. Hibrid adalah istimewa kerana ianya mempamerkan apa yang dikatakan sebagai ‘heterosis’ atau ‘hybrid vigor’. Vigor ini ditunjukkan oleh kelebihan dalam sifat beranak, akar dan juga saiz tangkai. Jika dikacukkan dua jenis induk yang mempunyai genetik berbeza antara satu sama lain, anak yang terhasil akan lebih unggul, khususnya dari segi hasil. Melalui pengalaman di negara yang menanam padi hibrid, kelebihan hasil boleh mencapai 15-30% berbanding dengan padi inbred atau konvensional.
Padi hibrid SIRAJ dipilih daripada kacukan padi jenis Indica dan Japonica. Indica adalah varieti beras wangi dari India. Sifatnya hampir serupa dengan sifat beras Basmathi manakala Japonica mempunyai tekstur lembut dan aroma yang harum.
Keistimewaan padi hibrid SIRAJ adalah
  • Tangkai yang lebih besar dan anak yang lebih banyak berbanding varieti inbred/biasa
  • Mengeluarkan hasil yang lebih tinggi berbanding pengeluaran daripada jenis biasa, dengan potensi hasil tinggi melebihi 10t/ha
  • Anggaran hasil dan jumlah pulangan yang tinggi berbanding jenis inbred/biasa
sumber http://blogmardi.wordpress.com/2011/08/02/padi-hibrid-siraj/